Progressive Reform and Howe Essay -- essays research papers

Lourdes Vazquez Area 1I Question 3â â â â â Changing America Individuals face change from multiple points of view. Some grasp it, some run from it, and some don’t even notification it. Change encompasses us each snapshot of consistently; change is steady. Change is one of the words the words that can be utilized to portray America as it moved into the twentieth century; change was wherever as the nineteenth century offered path to the thundering twentieth. This change anyway was radical as the individuals off this time saw a world which they had once known and appreciated disappear before their eyes just to be supplanted by huge business, degenerate governmental issues, and repulsive working conditions. In light of this numerous residents concluded that they also would make changes. These individuals were known as progressives and however they varied in what they felt should have been done to address all the change that encompassed them, they were as yet a lot of individuals who grasped the possibility of not just creation changes, yet making them for the better of all versus a chosen few. Likewise with any story, that of the dynamic time, has not one, nor two, nor even three sides yet many. In spite of the numerous perspectives showed by the progressives, the development itself was one that extraordinarily influenced American life and is hence a crucial and utile authentic idea. The word progress recommends pushing ahead or making enhancements, consequently it tends to be said that the dynamic development was only that, a push to move forward; forward to change and away from the adverse impacts that industrialization had brought upon the country. Political machines were running urban areas, enormous business was controlling everything, and the working conditions individuals needed to suffer to fix a living were terrible. America was loaded up with thoughts and ideas its kin had never observed. Private companies were squashed by large ones as there existed no enactment to control them. The country had consistently kept up a free enterprise theory when managing the business and was experiencing issues in doing in any case. Similarly organizations were not helpful as they didn't perceive any purpose behind changing the hands-off strategy America had been established on. America had never observed industrialized work either. Everything had consistently been done on the homestead, for a few people, not a few hundred. The administration when all is said in done had consistently had very distant... ...tself. In all notwithstanding, it was these numerous changes, as various and as spread out as they were, that characterize a time loaded up with change, evolving way of life, changing family structure, an evolving working environment, evolving organizations, and evolving urban communities. Individuals had no real option except to go up against these progressions with changes of their own. Was there an ordinary kind of individual who gone up against this change? No it takes assorted types and the dynamic time was no special case. Truth be told, what made the dynamic time so successful was the heap of individuals who characterize it. The numerous thoughts and ideas controlled by reformers of the nation met up to meet political defilement, huge business, and work questions head on.. Every one of these issues were dealt with in various manners, with various methods of reasoning, yet they were taken care of in any case. By what method can the dynamic period not be viewed as a chronicle d idea? An idea is certainly not an exacting or inflexible thought, it is only that, an idea, a free thought under which numerous comparative ones may fall, for when it was totally said and done, changes were made, and more changes occurred, until America’s individuals had some way or another reacted to all the progressions that have helped molded it into the country it is today.

Battle Royal Essays

Fight Royal Essays Fight Royal Essay Fight Royal Essay â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison is the tale about youthful African-American man who needs to substantiate himself in White predominant society 1920s. Fight imperial is one of the primary images that show hardship the storyteller needed to experience to convey his discourse and that white individuals are in charge. His battle goes past the character and speaks to the battles of all African-American individuals in quest for equivalent treatment. Fight imperial shows control White individuals have over African-Americans. Storyteller came to give a discourse however first he was requested to take part in the battle with his individual schoolmates. Despite the fact that the storyteller has some â€Å"misgivings over the fight royal† (279), he doesn’t fight. â€Å"There was nothing to do except for what we were told† (280). Blacks are free individuals by law, still they keep on getting enslavementary treatment. White men are in charge of everything African-Americans want: correspondence, cash, occupations. â€Å"Everybody battled every other person. No gathering battled together for long†(281). A similar way African-Americans didn’t help out one another to battle against White force. They were contending with one another, looking for Whites dependability. They trusted that the best servers would get abundance to cash and status. Blindfold added disarray and uneasiness to the battle. â€Å"I could no longer control my feelings. I had no respect. I staggered about like an infant or an inebriated man† (281). Young men can’t anticipate from what side they will get hit. They can’t organize their activities since they don’t have the information on their environmental factors. African-Americans were looking for equity yet a considerable lot of them were blindfolded additionally: they didn’t realize who to battle or how. During the battle, storytellers blindfold turns out to be free. He picks up the information on the environmental factors and can all the more likely control his activities. It gives him favorable position to different young men. The equivalent happens when he gets the grant. Instruction was accessible predominantly to white individuals. It puts storyteller one bit nearer to their level. It gives him trust that one day he can be equivalent. Fight Royal shows control white individuals had over Black individuals and the battles of African-Americans in their quest for correspondence. Grant gives the storyteller, who is illustrative of African-American culture, trust that one day he can get equivalent to white man.

Writing Paper Online Is a New Way to Write Research Papers

Writing Paper Online Is a New Way to Write Research PapersWriting papers online is quickly becoming a reality. More people are utilizing online services such as Twitter, Facebook, blogs, and forums to communicate. It's very much the way the internet was conceived, yet, it's not always easy to organize. It's very much like organizing all your other files on a computer, but now you have to go through each of these little pieces to find the papers you need.One of the major problems with online research is that the more time you put into doing the research, the less time you will have left for actually finishing the paper. Although researching can be very time consuming, you need to realize that the best research is done when you're not actively involved in the process. To effectively conduct research online, you should consider taking breaks, eating, and even sleeping during the process.If you want to start researching online, you need to first learn the basics. For example, you will ne ed to download a program that can allow you to conduct a search, sort the results by category, and then allow you to select a specific set of documents. This program is known as an internet search software. It allows you to get more information on the topic at hand.One of the best parts about writing a paper online is that you can print the documents that you get from the research. Although you may be able to do this from home or in your office, the benefit is that it is no longer necessary to spend money on paper. As long as you have internet access, you will be able to print the papers you get from researching the web. All you have to do is download the required programs and let them do the work for you.When you're done with the papers, you can then save the results. After doing so, you can use the program to sort them and print the documents that you wish to look at. You can then use your own personal computer to print them. This means that you won't have to pay for anything as y ou work at home.Because you'll be saving your papers as you work, you can get your prints later if you wish. However, it is important to remember that the more documents you get from researching the web, the more money you're going to spend on the prints. You also have to make sure that you get the right format for the prints. This is because printing in the wrong format will cause the documents to not look very nice.Using research papers online service is a great way to take out the stress from writing. There are some places that can provide you with professional looking documents that you can use to write your final paper. If you are using the service to get your final paper, it is important to note that the most important thing is that the results you get are going to be professional.Although writing research papers online is new, the fact that you can use it is not. Writing these types of papers is extremely helpful to students, professionals, and the like. You will be able to c reate a solid document that will be used by others in order to achieve their goals. It's a great tool for students and professionals that are looking for a way to write effectively online.

Gangster Squad - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1241 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gang Violence Essay Did you like this example? Ruben Fleischer, which was made in January 2013. The genre of the movie is American action, crime, and thriller. I selected this movie because it just intrigues me how the underground world got started in Hollywood through gangs, big money, and drugs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gangster Squad" essay for you Create order What caught my attention on the poster was the name of the movie and how it looked like it was going to be in the 20th century and how the characters were ready for a fight. It takes place in Los Angeles where the mafia mostly got its start. Its about how the Los Angeles Police Department has to stop a mob boss or a mafia gang to make the streets better. The movie poster seems to represent an era in the early twentieth century according to the attire and the weapons in the picture. It makes it that century because the hair style the men have is slicked back indicating that the movie takes place in the forties or fifties. All three men are wearing light blue suits which could indicate they might be a detective or private investigation. The use of a tommy gun makes it like this too, because robbers dont use that kind of weaponry today. A lot of action is taking place in this poster with many things happening. The man on the left, Ryan Gosling, appears to be in his mid-thirties or forties. He seems to be thinking about a memory or maybe it could be at the girl in the bottom right. Just how their posture is on both of them. Goslings face looks more calm and collective than the other two men on the poster. In his right hand hes holding a cigarette, which could mean he is under stress or going through a hard time in his life. He also seems to be sitting down in a chair based on how hes resting his arm on his leg. Hes facing away towards the side of the poster, where there is a light glistening on half his face. It could indicate that hes looking at something thats towards a bright object. On the front of the poster it says, No Names. No Badges. No Mercy. This means that no names will be given for someone who ratted out. No badges indicate that some of the people on the poster are undercover cops. It could also be that certain men dont want to have their names seen on their badges to lose their identity. No mercy is probably suggesting that they have to do what they have to do. To no mercy that the men are going to do anything it takes to stop either the police force or the mafia, and nobody is safe. Followed by the quote, there is a woman (Emma Stone) wearing a bright red dress. It could signify that shes very seductive-showing her full body as opposed to the men shown. The color of the red dress could indicate love and passion, which could suggest some romance with one of the main characters. She has a seductive facial expression and posture as if shes looking at someone or the audience. Next to her feet is the release date of the movie on January 11th. The Hollywoodland sign in the background means that it takes place in the late forties of Los Angeles. The land part was torn down because the whole sign needed to be repaired and it didnt want to reflect the district as Hollywoodland as a housing development. The sky in the background is cloudy and creates a darkness over the three characters symbolizing a possible crime or action. The dark sky could also mean that things are going to be foul play or even death. The character on the right of the poster has a serious expression. Hes holding a pistol, pointing it towards the front of the poster. He might be looking at someone who is probably armed or a criminal. He seems to be an officer or undercover cop based on his appearance. He has his eyes locked on something that isnt shown and his finger ready on the trigger in case that someone is trying to get away from him. The final character in the upper middle section has an aggressive facial expression. Hes looking towards what Ryan Gosling is looking at, but he has his head down and his eyes are up as if he is looking at someone on a higher level than he is. He is also holding a tommy gun in his left hand, which it could probably signify that he is the leader of the two men or the mob boss of a gang or the enemy of them. He has more darkness on his face than the other characters on the poster meaning that hes the bad guy in the movie. In the middle of the three men there appears to be an explosion of some sort or a big blaze. It has six men in front of the flame as if they may blown up something and not feel bad about it. Behind the men and in the flames appears to be an old car of some sort. It probably had the six men in the vehicle or someone died in it. It could also be that they are above the movie title Gangster Squad and may be the squad in the movie. The poster designer is probably trying to get everyones attention of the three men with weapons and the flames between them. To also make people know that its going to be an action and adventure movie set back in the forties with gangsters in it. The target audience is people who are into mafia movies, crime, action, thriller, and violence. All the names of the main actors in the movie are in the poster besides one. It could be that the character dies maybe or hes with the other six men in the flames. It doesnt include the directors name, probably to keep the poster looking like an old poster. The poster Gangster Squad is effective for a person who wants to see a classic mafia movie with old cars, guns, and flashy clothing. Some people might want to just relive that old feeling of Los Angeles. Its trying to bring in people who are from that kind of era or who have seen things about mafia gangsters. The audience it tries to bring in are probably teens to sixty or seventy year olds who enjoy these kind of movies. This poster really makes me want to go see it just by looking at the characters and the tommy gun itself. To me, I think this poster is successful, but the director should add more of like a city in the back besides the hills of Hollywood. Maybe to some people the hills could signify that its hard to get over things. I particularly like that this movie poster had that retro look to it. It makes me want to revisit what it felt like to be there when all that happened in Los Angeles. I dont have anything really to dislike about the poster. Its a great movie poster describing most of what everyone would expect in the movie by just the characters, title, and the background. Overall, Gangster Squad really looks like a great movie to watch and encourage people who like mafia and gangsters. This is a must see!

Lightness And Darkness By Michael Clark - 1377 Words

Michael Clark suggests the author James Baldwin uses a theme of lightness and darkness to support the metaphors of childhood. Baldwin connects the culture of Harlem in the 1950s to lightness and darkness not only with childhood, but all stages of a person’s life. I believe Baldwin uses the motif to connect what one has learned as a child and transform those teachings and apply them within your adult life. During this time period, Harlem was flourishing with aspiring artists, writers and musicians. People in Harlem were free to create, explore and expand their ways of thinking. However, this freedom was followed by delinquency, crime and drug use. The setting and time period is significant to â€Å"Sonny’s Blue’s† as it informs the reader on the past and social upbringing of the Harlem culture. Baldwin reveals after the Great Depression and World War II the atmosphere of Harlem changed. The people who lived there were no longer aspiring to do great. People were struggling to find work and pay for their bills. Harlem and the individuals who resided there struggled financially and lived their lives in poverty. The background in regards to Harlem informs the reader that growing up in this area is not easy; temptation exists everywhere you go. Wherever lightness is present, a sort of darkness accompanies it. The author uses lightness and darkness to portray the achievements and disappointments of living in Harlem, discrimination against African Americans and the relationship

Intercommunication Free Essays

If was to buy the list I would sale contact method that I would use would be contacting them in person, although it would be time consuming and expensive, I would want them to see me and know that I am serious about business. I would be able to directly answer any questions that they might have and it is always good to put a face to someone wanting to do business. Cold calling assumes sales people will be successful If they can reach the right person In an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Intercommunication or any similar topic only for you Order Now I do not think that cold calling should be used but It Is the only way that some can get through. Cold calling focuses on getting past the middle people. A person who calls Like this tries to let the buyer know why they should make a purchase decision right now. They can create a negative experience. I know that I do not Like when people call me and push me to buy something. Many people are so often hit with advertising messages from TV, newspapers, magazines and it is hard to get their attention. Direct mall can help build relationships between you and whomever you are trying to reach. It is more personal because you can say what you want and have time to put your thoughts together and express whatever it is you need to and is also cost efficient. Most consumers are receptive to direct mail. Yes, I consider sending these contacts unsolicited emails spam. Most of us get spam every day, ranging from a little to a lot, but if you have an e-mail account it is always there. It is frustrating when you open your business email and before you can respond to your customers or email your suppliers, you have spam. I feel that it is just a way for people to try to get you to buy into something, Spam is of no importance to me. How to cite Intercommunication, Papers

Minimum Wage in Saudi Arabia and Other Countries

Introduction The national wage structure influences socioeconomic indicators such as poverty and unemployment levels. It specifies the statutory minimum wages for the low-tier workforce in commerce, industry, and other sectors. Nations that have ratified the ILO conventions have mechanisms and procedures for setting the minimum wage in line with their socioeconomic development policies. The minimum wage is the lowest statutory limit of remuneration for wage earners in different sectors or regions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Minimum Wage in Saudi Arabia and Other Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Saudi, in a bid to foster Saudization, the labour ministry sanctioned a monthly minimum wage of $800 in 2012, causing a shift in labour demand and supply (Saudi Ministry of Labour 2). This research paper examines the notion of fair wage and the impact of minimum wage policies on the Saudi vs. Mal aysia’s labour markets. It also explores the correlation between higher wages and workforce productivity. Fair Wage The minimum wage delimits the lowest remuneration sufficient to meet family needs, taking into account the economic indicators, type of occupation, and collective bargaining considerations (â€Å"The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia† par. 8). Nations reserve the discretion, under the ILO convention number 131, to fix statutory minimum wage rates through a consultative process involving social actors from different industries or sectors (â€Å"The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia† par. 14). Therefore, minimum wages may differ depending on the type of sector or enterprise. Fair wage encompasses better working conditions, employment benefits, and social security to reduce income inequalities and improve living standards. The key attributes of fair wage include regularity of the payment, lump-sum pay, and non-discriminatory practices. A fair wage is a product of an impartial wage structure that considers not only variables such as job skills, competencies, and professional experience, but also the working conditions of the workforce. The concept of fairness in the minimum wage also discourages the practice of subjecting workers to long working hours. Therefore, a fair wage is the minimum living wage that â€Å"just share of the fruits of progress† and improved performance (International Labour Office [ILO] 103). In this respect, the fair wage expands the concepts of the living wage and minimum wage to include the conditions of work. The minimum wages in the production industry vary widely even among manufacturers involved in the same line of business. In 2014, the global minimum wage for the clothing and textile sectors averaged 35% and 25% lower than the overall rate in the production industry (â€Å"The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia† par. 24).Advertising Looking for research paper on labor law? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Salary levels varied between â‚ ¬752 and â‚ ¬1,442 for skilled and unskilled workers, respectively. In most countries, textile sector wages are substantially higher than clothing sector wages (â€Å"The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia† par. 26). The differences stem from the fact that public agencies set a different rate for each sector. A key attribute of a fair wage is non-discrimination of workers. In countries like Cambodia, male workers earned 13.3% more than their female counterparts between 2004 and 2008 did, contravening the concept of fair wage (â€Å"The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia† par. 17). Male workers, in both clothing and textile factories, occupy managerial roles, and thus, earn better compensation than female workers receive. The ILO requires countries to create laws that protect workers against excessive work hours, entitle them to annual leave, and provide overtime compensation (92). Th us, minimum wages in the textile and clothing factories negate the fair wage concept as employees work long hours without overtime compensation and do not receive the recommended leave days. A Comparison of Minimum Wage Policies: Saudi Arabia vs. Malaysia Saudi Arabia In 2011, the Saudi Ministry of Labour launched the Nataqat policy to boost the population of locals in the workforce and reduce unemployment. The Nataqat, which is Arabic for ‘zones’, groups firms in Saudi, including multinational companies, into four categories, â€Å"red, yellow, green, and platinum† based on the proportion of Saudi nationals employed (Saudi Ministry of Labour 5). Depending on the category, a firm can enjoy certain privileges or receive sanctions (red zone) for employing a disproportionate number of expats. The policy has increased the demand for Saudi professionals and increased the minimum wage rate, causing the demand curve to move to the right. The effect of this policy has ha d on the demand curve can be illustrated as shown in Graph 1 below. Graph 1: The effect of the Nataqat policy on minimum wage Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Minimum Wage in Saudi Arabia and Other Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before 2012, Saudi Arabia had no policy to guide minimum wage rates across various sectors (Saudi Ministry of Labour 2). In 2012, the Saudi government set a statutory monthly rate of $800 for both public servants and private sector employees. Subsequently, the Saudi Ministry of Labour created a legislation demanding that all Saudi nationals employed in private firms be remunerated over the minimum wage for a company to qualify for Nitaqat privileges (6). In this respect, most Saudi workers earn an income exceeding $800 per month. The higher minimum wage encouraged the Saudis to work. The competitive wages coupled with the favourable Nataqat policy had a dual effect o f driving the demand for Saudi labour force to the right and reducing unemployment levels as shown in Graph 2 below. Graph 2: The effect of minimum wage policy on labour demand The Saudi authorities implemented stricter work permit laws for foreign workers in 2012. Expatriates pay up to $650 per annum to receive a one-year renewable work permit (Saudi Ministry of Labour 4). The same law also prohibits them from switching employers in the middle of their contract. These laws led to an increase in the supply of local labour force while that of expatriates declined by up to 20% in one year (â€Å"The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia† par. 6). The implementation of these initiatives led to an increase in the minimum wages as well as the demand for local workers. Graph 3: The effect of employment statutes on labour supply Advertising Looking for research paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The minimum wage rate implemented in Saudi has led to an increase in the supply of local workers. However, the Nitaqat and stricter laws that limit the number of expats in the country have increased the demand for Saudi workers. Malaysia The Malaysian government adopted different minimum wage laws in 2013 for various regions. Accordingly, the monthly minimum wage stands at â€Å"RM900 or $216 for Peninsular Malaysia and RM800 or $192 for Sabah, Sarawak, and Labuan† (Yuen 19). The policy aims at promoting the standards of living of 27% of the workforce and their households while incentivising investment inflows. The multiple rates have increased the minimum wage of agricultural sector workers across Malaysia. The policy has also enhanced labour efficiency and participation, eliminating market distortions (Yuen 21). Unlike Saudi, Malaysia’s unemployment levels have remained low since implementing the policy while the demand for labour continues to rise. Yuen attributes t his trend to Malaysia’s strong economic structures and a stable labour market (23). Therefore, Malaysia’s minimum wage policy has caused the demand curve to shift to the right while the unemployment levels have remained low, indicating that the supply of the workforce matches the demand. Unlike Saudi Arabia, Malaysia has a low proportion of foreign workers. Therefore, Malaysia does not have the unemployment problem (surplus labour force) experienced by Saudi Arabia. The influx of foreign workers into Saudi increases labour supply, affecting minimum wage rates. Nonlocal workers from low-income countries are preferred to the Saudis by multinational enterprises because they earn lower wages than their Saudi counterparts do. However, policy initiatives such as the Nitaqat have the potential of limiting the number of expatriates entering Saudi to stabilise the labour market. Strategies for Solving the Low-Wage Problem Countries employ a variety of mechanisms ranging from pe rsuasion to sanctions to address minimum wage challenges. Persuasion centres on the concepts of ‘fair play’ in minimum wage matters. Public authorities use persuasion as a strategy to build a â€Å"culture of compliance† among employers (ILO 77). Persuasive actions can occur at interpersonal or societal level. For example, interpersonal discussions between the US authorities and coal-mining firms in the 1980s enhanced compliance with fair wage and safety provisions (ILO 92). Persuasive processes can also occur at the societal level whereby employers who fail to meet the minimum wage requirements are depicted as unfair and exploitative. In the US, the government promoted the living wage in the 1990s as the â€Å"means of achieving individual independence† (ILO 81). In response, county authorities enacted laws requiring local firms to raise their wage level above the national minimum wage. Countries also establish minimum wage regulations to enhance complian ce. The minimum wage is arrived at through a consultative process involving the government, firms, workers’ unions, and social actors, making it legally binding. The collective bargaining process yields a mutually agreed rate that is institutionalised by the public authorities. The process enhances compliance because it entails binding agreements as opposed to top-down federal regulations. For example, the Uruguayan government, in 2006, established wage councils charged with the responsibility of minimum wage fixing and review (ILO 55). The intention was to tame plummeting minimum wage levels and improve the standards of living. The approach saw the monthly minimum wage nearly double (176%) between 2000 and 2008 (ILO 118). The tripartite wage fixing process in Uruguay helped bridge the income gap between male and female workers and regions. It also ensured a common understanding of the minimum wage regulations by employers and employees. In this regard, the country implemente d a national minimum wage system, as opposed to a sector-specific wage to solve its low wage problems. Besides regulation, governments use capacity-building measures to foster compliance. Employers and workers receive training to build their capacity to comply with the minimum wage law. This strategy empowers workers and enhances their understanding of employee rights. Public authorities and trade unions spearhead capacity-building initiatives in the US and the UK to increase minimum wage awareness in key sectors such as hospitality (ILO 121). The initiatives primarily centre on minimum wage implementation and working conditions. The aim is to prevent underpayment stemming from the lack of information about the minimum wage and improve the enforcement of labour standards in at-risk industries. Governments also use labour inspections and monitoring to enhance compliance with the statutory minimum wage. Labour inspection entails monitoring the compliance of a firm with wage rates to i dentify and punish non-compliant employers (ILO 119). Workers and unions can also monitor the employers’ compliance with labour standards. Arbitration councils also exist to resolve disputes out of court. In the US and Switzerland, tripartite arbitration councils comprising of representatives of the government, workers, and firms examine collective agreements and make determinations related to minimum wage violations. Minimum wage violations attract legal sanctions, including hefty fines, in countries that have ratified the ILO conventions. The fines are meant to deter non-compliance with minimum wage provisions. Usually, non-compliant employers are forced to give a payback compensation equivalent to the minimum salary multiplied by the number of times the offence has been repeated (ILO 116). In the US, criminal prosecution is possible for offenders breaching the minimum wage provisions. Besides sanctions, boycott campaigns and blacklisting of firms constitute other effective tools for enforcing the minimum wage law in the US. Higher Wages and Productivity Labour market trends indicate that the wages paid out to workers are not commensurate with the national productivity (gross output) levels. Labour productivity is the â€Å"output value produced by a worker, a firm, a sector, or a country per a unit of labour input† (Biesebroeck 61). Outputs can be the physical products that come from a production process, sales, or revenue. Labour input measures the amount of work or hours worked depending on the sector and skills required and adjusting for energy requirements and raw materials. In neo-Keynesian models, factors that affect worker productivity also influence wages. In this regard, a decline in productivity will affect employment and wage levels (Biesebroeck 65). Even in inelastic labour demand and supply curves, productivity is equivalent to market wage (price) levels as illustrated in Graph 4 below. Therefore, in the long-term, growth in produ ctivity will lead to a rise in the average wage levels. Changes in labour demand (D1 to D2) increase wages, which, in turn, translates into productivity growth as employees are motivated to work more. Conversely, a decline in demand reduces wages, affecting labour productivity. Graph 4: The correlation between labour supply/demand and wages (P) Factors such as worker heterogeneity and location of work affect the wage-productivity relationship. Workers occupy different positions based on their skills, and therefore, productivity is different for each class of employees (Biesebroeck 72). The location of work also determines the wages a firm pays its employees in line with the country’s minimum wage laws. In Saudi, the wages are higher for foreign and local workers. The adoption of strict employment laws has reduced labour supply, raising the demand for local unskilled workers. In this regard, despite the competitive wages, productivity may decline in Saudi because of the semi- skilled local labour force. In the long term, wages may decline in response to lower productivity. Conclusion Countries implement minimum wage policies to improve the standards of living of the labour force and stabilise the labour market. Saudi’s minimum wage policies have evidently reduced unemployment in the country. Wages have also increased, as demand and supply remain steady. However, the labour laws may affect productivity, leading to a drop in average wages. Works Cited Biesebroeck, Johannes. How Tight is the Link between Wages and Productivity? A  Survey of the Literature. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2015. Print. International Labour Office [ILO]. Minimum Wage Systems. Geneva: International Labour Conference, 2014. Print. Saudi Ministry of Labour. Annual Statistics Report. Riyadh: Saudi Ministry of Labour, 2012. Print. The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia 2013. Web. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html. Yuen, Joyce. â €Å"Minimum Wage Policy in Malaysia: Its Impact and the Readiness of Firms.† World Applied Sciences Journal 28 (2013): 19-26. Print. This research paper on Minimum Wage in Saudi Arabia and Other Countries was written and submitted by user Al1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.